用法详解
介词（Preposition）是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须和名词、代词或相当于名词的词构成介词短语，表示时间、地点、方向、方式、原因等关系。
介词的特点
- 介词后面必须接宾语（名词、代词、动名词等）。
- 介词短语在句中可作定语、状语、表语、补语。
- 很多动词、形容词与特定的介词搭配使用。
💡 知识要点
介词是英语学习的难点之一，因为很多介词的用法没有严格的规则，需要通过大量阅读和积累来掌握。特别注意动词与介词的固定搭配。
时间介词
at
用于具体的时间点、节日、年龄等。
📝 例子
- at 8 o’clock
- at noon, at night, at midnight
- at Christmas, at the Spring Festival
- at the age of 10
- at present, at that time
in
用于较长的时间段，如年、月、季节、上午/下午/晚上等。
📝 例子
- in 2024, in January
- in spring, in summer
- in the morning/afternoon/evening
- in the 21st century
- in the future, in the past
on
用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上。
📝 例子
- on Monday, on June 1st
- on a cold winter morning
- on Christmas Day
- on my birthday
- on the evening of May 5th
for, since, during, before, after
-
for + 一段时间：表示动作持续的时长
- I have lived here for ten years.
-
since + 时间点：表示从某时开始一直持续到现在
- He has worked here since 2010.
-
during + 一段时间：表示在某段时间期间
- Don’t talk during the class.
-
before/after + 时间：表示在某时间之前/之后
- Please arrive before 8 o’clock.
💡 知识要点
注意区分 in time（及时）和 on time（准时）：We arrived in time for the meeting. / The train left on time.
地点介词
at
用于小地点或具体的位置点。
📝 例子
- at school, at home
- at the bus stop
- at the door, at the corner
- at the airport
in
用于大地点或封闭的空间内部。
📝 例子
- in China, in Beijing
- in the room, in the building
- in the world, in the universe
- in the picture, in the newspaper
on
用于表示在……表面上，或接壤、毗邻。
📝 例子
- on the table, on the wall
- on the floor, on the ceiling
- on the farm, on the island
- on the border, on the coast
其他地点介词
| 介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| under | 在……正下方 | under the table |
| below | 在……下方（不一定正下方） | below sea level |
| above | 在……上方 | above the clouds |
| over | 在……正上方 | over the bridge |
| behind | 在……后面 | behind the door |
| in front of | 在……前面 | in front of the house |
| between | 在……之间（两者） | between A and B |
| among | 在……之中（三者及以上） | among the students |
| next to | 紧挨着 | next to the bank |
| near | 在……附近 | near the station |
| by | 在……旁边 | by the window |
方向介词
| 介词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| to | 向，到（目的地） | go to school |
| into | 进入……里面 | walk into the room |
| out of | 从……出来 | get out of the car |
| through | 穿过（内部） | walk through the forest |
| across | 横过，穿过（表面） | swim across the river |
| along | 沿着 | walk along the street |
| up | 向上 | climb up the mountain |
| down | 向下 | run down the hill |
| past | 经过 | walk past the shop |
| towards | 朝，向 | run towards me |
常用介词搭配
动词 + 介词
| 短语 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| look at | 看 |
| listen to | 听 |
| wait for | 等待 |
| pay for | 为……付款 |
| look for | 寻找 |
| care for | 关心，照顾 |
| laugh at | 嘲笑 |
| shout at | 对……大喊 |
| arrive in/at | 到达 |
| get to | 到达 |
| belong to | 属于 |
| agree with | 同意 |
| depend on | 依靠，取决于 |
| think of | 想起，认为 |
| worry about | 担心 |
形容词 + 介词
| 短语 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| be good at | 擅长 |
| be interested in | 对……感兴趣 |
| be afraid of | 害怕 |
| be proud of | 为……骄傲 |
| be famous for | 因……著名 |
| be different from | 与……不同 |
| be similar to | 与……相似 |
| be full of | 充满 |
| be busy with | 忙于 |
| be angry with | 对……生气 |
| be strict with | 对……严格 |
| be kind to | 对……友好 |
✏️ 练习题
- We usually have a sports meeting _______ autumn.
- There is a beautiful picture _______ the wall.
- Don’t sit _______ the sun. It’s too hot.
- The cat is hiding _______ the bed.
- She is very good _______ playing the piano.
✅ 参考答案
- in
- on
- in
- under
- at
易错点提醒
-
in the tree 与 on the tree：
- in the tree 表示外来的东西在树上（鸟、人）
- on the tree 表示树本身长出来的东西（苹果、叶子）
-
in the corner 与 at the corner：
- in the corner 表示在房间内部的角落
- at the corner 表示在街道的拐角处
-
arrive in 与 arrive at：
- arrive in + 大地点（城市、国家）
- arrive at + 小地点（车站、机场、学校）
-
in the end, at the end of, by the end of：
- in the end = finally（最后，终于）
- at the end of + 名词（在……的末尾）
- by the end of + 时间（到……为止）
介词的学习需要长期积累，建议同学们准备一个介词搭配笔记本，记录阅读中遇到的新搭配，并经常复习。同时注意中英思维差异，不要逐字翻译。